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Sawing

Average monthly volumes of the produced lumber at our factory are equal to 2,500 m3.

Raw materials for sawing production

As raw material for lumber production we use stemwood. The next stage is tree-lenght. Then the tree lenght sections are hauled as they are to a mill to be sawn to individual products.

We manufacture many types of hardwood and softwood products from following wood species: oak, ash, maple, birch, linden, aspen, fir and pine. The tota lyield of the stamwood ranges from 70% to 82% and from 70% to 90% for softwood and hardwood, respectively.

Oak to be sawn

 

Depending on the further use round wood assortments can be classified as follows:

  • round logs to be used in the round (e.g. building log);
  • sawing logs (boards, bars);
  • logs for manufacturing rotary cut or sliced veneer;
  • bolt for later conversion into box pallets, wood chips etc.

The main wood assortments at our factory are sawing logs and bolt from soft wood and logs, bolt and specific wood assortments from hard wood.

The geometrical characteristics of round wood assortmnets you can find in the table below.

Wood specie Sawing logs Round logs Logs Bolt
Softwood

Lenght: from 3 m to 6,5 m.
Thickness of the upper cut without bark: 14 cm.

Length: from 4 m to 17 m.
Thickness of the upper cut without bark: 8 cm.
- Lenght: from 0,75 m to 2 m.
Thickness of the upper cut without bark: from 6 cm to 24 cm.
Hardwood Lenght: from 1,0 m to 6,0 m.
Thickness of the upper cut without bark: 14 cm.
- Lenght: from 0,75 m to 6,5 m.
Thickness: 6 cm and more.

 

Sawing logs serve as raw material for sawing production. They are got from the most valuable part of the tree - from the stem. The most sawing softwood logs are 5,5 - 5,6 m long, the hardwood ones - 4 - 4,5 m.

Lumber

Wood cut up for lumber is called sawn wood (lumber). We use only healthy forests for lumber production. All the sawn wood is devidede into groups depending on wood species, sizes, the following use of the semifinished material and ways of producing etc.

Elements of wood sawing

 

According to the wood species timber can be split into softwood and hardwood parts. About 80% of the sawn production is made from such softwood as pine tree, fir tree and larch, while the remaining 20% - from birch, linden and oak.

Depending on what for this semi-finished products will be used furthe, they can be classified as follows:

  • sawn materials (lumber);
  • sawn timber blanks;
  • sawn details.

Scheme of technological process

Lumber

Having been sawn round logs can be arranged as below:

  • Slabwood;
  • Logs (sawn, sliced, profiled):
    • bar – lumber in thick up to 10 cm;
    • beam – lumber in thick more than 10 cm.
  • Boards (untrimmed, edged, match).

Lumber mill

 

The quality of the lumber is defined by the sort of the wood. There are 5 sorts for softwood boards and bars, 4 sorts for beam; 3 sorts for hardwood lumber.


Lumber assortment Appereance Sizes, HxSxL, mm Quantity, m3
Edged
board
Edged board, technical data 200х50х6000
150х50х6000
100х50х6000
200х40х6000
150х40х6000
100х40х6000
150х30х6000
100х30х6000
150х25х6000
100х25х6000

Profiled

bar
Profiled bar, technical data 200х200х6000
200х150х6000
200х100х6000
150х150х6000
150х100х6000
100х100х6000
50х50х6000
4
5,5
8
7
11
16
66

Profiled
beam

Profiled beam, technical data 200х200х6000
200х150х6000
200х100х6000
150х150х6000
150х100х6000
100х100х6000
50х50х60000
4
5,5
8
7
11
16
66
Slabwood Slabwood, technical data Length:
• slabwood up to 35 mm thick is suitable for later conversion into industrial and fuel chips as well as charcoal of fine fraction;
• slabwood more than 35 mm thick is usually used for recycled building material, box pallet manufacturing etc.).
The slabwood`s width is more than 80 mm.
 

We manufacture lumber of different moisture:

  • KD – up to 12%;

  • natural level of humiduty – 20-22%.

To reduce lumber surface roughness and to shape it all sawn wood is spindle-moulded, whittled, grouned etc..

By individual order at your service is wider product range of laminated veneer lumber and lumber with cross section more than 200 mm.

To extend the service life of the lumber it`s finished with different paints and coatings and obtained preservation treatment right at the factory.

Sawn timber blanks

Sawn timber blanks are split from lumber. Blank is sawn wood with fixed measure, of the quality required for the end product and with allowance for machining and shrinkage allowance. The maximum tree use is our main goal. We manufacture following sawn timber blanks from softwood and hardwood:

  • parquet blanks: board, border;

  • lining blanks;

  • rough furniture blanks;

  • blank for boxing (law wood quality).

Lumber mill

 

Lining blank is edged board from linden, alder, larch and fir (the humidity has to be from 10% to 12%). The boards are cut from the lower part of the stem as there are less knots. Lining blank must be flat and solid, free from decay, mechanical defects and different spots.

Rough furniture blank is the unwrought beam of wood made by individual sizes. Rought furniture blank is usually used in furniture industry to execute necessary production: pieces of furniture, edge glue panel, planed stock and finishing materials.

Pallet blanks are edged boards and beams of standart sizes meant for wooden container production - pallets, boxes - from various wood species (pine, fir, aspen and birch). Blanks from 0,1 m to 6,5 m long and with 10 cm gradation are considered to be be blanks with effective lenght. The diameter of the blanks must exceed 10 cm.

Sawn details

Sawn details is a kind of production ready to be used onsite when building. Sawn details are splitte frim blanks or lumber. We manufacture threshold - it`s beam suitable to be used as basis for the railway lines.

Production of wooden sleepers

Main technological sections

Our factory is fitted with fail-safe and high-tech equipment with higl level of automation and mechanization of technological process. Main technological sections:

  • raw materils receiving area and later sorting;

  • debarking;

  • drying section;

  • sawmills;

  • lumber storage for later kiln drying;

  • storage terminal.

Sawmill sections

Raw materials receiving and sorting

According to general standarts the whole volume of raw material is under 100% control. Sorting accuracy of the round logs let us increase the yield of forests.

Our factory is equipped with grade line. To choose the best sheme of wood cutting we use computer monitoring system allowing us to reach high cutting accuracy. Log cutting process under strict control let us reduce forest loss from 5% to 7%. Full surface scan of the log - diameter, lenght, taper, crook - is carried out automatically by means of 3D scanner. Other automatically undetected wood damages are handled manually by an operator.

Raw materials receiving and sorting

Debarking

As a rule, debarking is carried out before the logs are on the sorting line. It lets ut to increase tool life substantially and measurement accuracy. Debarking process is implemented on debarking machine. This action is very necessary for maintaining wood quality before applying preservation treatment.

Wood debarking

Drying section

Wood moisture is the main aspect making influence on the machanical properties of wood. In winter the moisture level of the green wood is 60%, in summer it reaches up to 80%. Drying process ensures the possibility to reduce the amount of moisture in the wood up to 20-22%.. The wood of this moisture is accepted as industrial material.

The mechanical properties of wood are being changed when drying: its strenght is getting better, wood weight is decreasing and decay resistance is ensuring.

Drying department

 

Drying process is a time-consuming operation in the technical process of woodworking industry. There are several methods of wood drying:

  • drying on the vine;
  • air drying (or natural drying);
  • in-store wood drying;
  • kiln drying.

Type of wood drying depends on its specie, thickness, further use and final humidity. As a rule, we use mixed wood drying. At first, logs are under specific shelter during 2-3 months. Then they are being dryed for 2-3 weeks in the De Nardi kiln according to the technological parameters.

Sawmills

In the sawmills are carried out following cycles:

  • wood devision;
  • debarking;
  • cross-cutting.

Sawmill equipment, Primultini

 

We give much attention to log-sawing pattern and wood balance when wood cutting. Due to our factory`s equipment the timber yield is up to 60%.

Wood divisioning is carried out in the following areas:

  • vertical frame sawmill area;
  • horizontal band sawmill area;
  • vertical band sawmill area;
  • cross-cutting to lenght area.

Our factory is equipped with vertical band saw Primultini 1300 (1 piece), frame sawmill Р63 (2 pieces), scrag(1 piece), horizont band sawmill (4 pieces), multiple saw Costa, Raimann (4 pieces), линия optimization cross-cut saw Omga Т520 (1 piece), cross-cut saw Omga Т620 (7 pieces)

To manufacture high quality lumber in greater volume we use Primultini. This type of high speed sawmill with drive feed is for ripsawing into halved timber, brick and board of required dimensions.

We manage to increase the quality and the quantity of lumber yield sawing wood with high accuracy.

Smooth surface is achieved due to our modern factory equipment. High geometry of lumber provides its close fitting preventing the decay of wood.

Tool staging-area: sharpening machines for wide log band saws and for frame sawmills, bandsaw roll stretcher for wide log band saws, bandsaw setting machines for narrow log band saws, sharpening machines for narrow log bans saws.

Utilization of wood leftovers

Lumber manufacturing always gives leftovers. The leftovers quantity depends on the type of wood cutting, later use of ready lumber, technology compliance and other factors.

Wood leftovers

 

Approximate percentage distribution of wood leftovers:

  • in the wood devision area: 6-10% - slabwood, 10-15% - narrow board, 10-12% - cuttings;
  • in the re-saw shop: 7-10% - cuttings, 25% - wood chippings;
  • in the planing mill: 12-20% - spill.

By integrated forest utilization one can produce incremental products.

Lump scraps such as slabwood amd narrow board we use for later brick- and europallet production, other is for industrial chips. In this basis our factory has two more areas:

  • pallets manufacturing;
  • hogging.

We manufacture wooden pallets (from soft- and hardwood species) meeting all requirements. The dimensions: 1200 mm х 800 mm х 145 mm. The pallets of 1-st and 2-nd sorts are able to carry up to 2500 kg, the ones of 3-rd and 4-th - up to 1500-1000 kg.

Standart dimensions of industrial chip is from 15 to 60 mm.

Chips, spill and bark we use for fuel.